Cracking and polymerization gcse biology

Meet donal who is just one of our firstclass biology tutors. Each polymer molecule is a long chain of mainly carbon atoms. Plastics are polymers, so polymers can be extremely useful. For example, ethene molecules can react together to form polyethene, a polymer. Polymerization definition of polymerization by merriam. This type of polymerisation is called addition polymerisation. This summarises the key topics for the organic chemistry unit, including crude oil, the structure of alkanes, fractional distillation, properties of hydrocarbons, cracking, alkenes and polymerization. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert longchain hydrocarbons into shorterchain hydrocarbons. Crude oil it is a black thick liquid which takes millions of years to form. Condensation polymers polymers gcse chemistry single. In chemistry, it is a process of breaking down large alkane into simpler alkenes and alkanes. C1 alkenes, cracking and polymers flashcards in gcse. The best thing about distance learning for me has definitely been the flexibility of it.

Gcse polymerisation revise reaction of monomer molecules. Polymerisation happens when monomers react to form long chain polymer molecules. I blog according to the 2009 specification, so its exact and will get you through. Aqa home work and life skills level 2 from functional skills to gcse and alevel, aqa it and computer science helps develop students interest in the subject and their analytical and critical thinking skills. This is achieved by using high pressures and temperatures without a catalyst, or lower temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. A level maths revision a level biology revision a level chemistry. In petroleum refining, this process is used in the production of petrol, diesel, and gasoline. The process is known as catalytic cracking because it only happens in the presence of a catalyst substance which speeds up the reaction without being used up itself. This organic chemistry note for igcse chemistry covers the three major homologous series alkane, alkene, and alcohols. Structure of polymers thermosoftening thermosetting. Edexcel igcse chemistry crude oil expert guidance by.

The big hydrocarbon molecules in gas oil, for example, can be broken down into smaller ones needed for petrol. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. These monomers the starting materials are often alkenes the process chemical reaction that turns monomers into polymers. Think of the various materials youve used in the last day. Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. Useful comparison tables which can be supplied as handouts.

Igcse organic chemistry solutions, examples, worksheets, videos. To familiarise you with it, weve created this interactive quiz. The names of each polymer are linked to the names of the monomers. The main office at nec have always been very quick to pick up the phone and very helpful. Polymers are large molecules that are made up of many. Modelling extension activities suggested for kinaesthetic learners. Polymerisation is the reaction of monomer molecules to form long chain polymer molecules. Polymerisation is the name given to the reaction that produces polymers. Gcse chemistry revision worksheets on organic chemistry and crude oilcan be accessed via this dedicated page. What is organic chemistry, homologous series, what are alkanes, what are isomers, properties of alkanes, cracking hydrocarbons, what are alkenes, isomers in alkenes, what are alcohols. A monomer is a small reactive molecule that can be joined with other monomers to form long chains.

Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple condensation polymers. Polymers are long chained molecules formed by joining together many small reactive molecules called monomers mono and mer, meaning one part polymers are macromolecules due to their very large sizes and high molecular masses. Cracking molecules and plastics chemistry gcse ask will. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. Its a process studied in gcse chemistry, so you need to understand it. Details about online gcses in english, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics and double science we offer gcses in maths, english and the sciences. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. Explaining the new gcse grades moving from ag to find out from aqa what to expect on exam day how to prepare and what to bring.

There is a greater demand for smaller hydrocarbons than larger ones. Youll see that our gcse chemistry, along with biology and physics, is a clear straightforward specification. You know that monomers that are joined by condensation polymerization have two functional groups. Gcse chemistry polymers all links to revision topics.

Cracking is the name given to breaking up large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits. Some polymers are made via condensation polymerisation. Some are common sense but make sure to test yourself afterward as at least 10 marks in every test will go to definitions. Classification and molecular structure of carbohydrates e. The variety of life, both past and present, is extensive, but the biochemical basis of life is similar for all living things. The components of the crude oil are important and the crude oil is separated by the process of fractional distillation. In condensation polymerisation, a small molecule is formed as a byproduct each time a bond is formed between two monomers. Human biology igcse course distance learning centre. Explain, in terms of its structure and bonding, why magnesium oxide has a very high melting point. Polymers igcse chemistry solutions, examples, worksheets. Each polymer molecule is a long chain of mainly carbon atoms polymers are made from many smaller molecules, called monomers. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. Lesson slides to teach aqa properties of polymers aqa 2. All of my tutors were also very helpful and gave me some really good tips on how to improve my work.

In this lesson, we will explore several organic reactions. These long chain molecules can be made up from tens of thousands of monomers joined together. The metals give up and share their outer shell of electrons to gain a full shell themselves. In addition polymerisation the monomers have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Common igcse chemistry exam questions with answers igcse. Carbohydrates sugars natural polymers starch and dna. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations.

Igcse organic chemistry solutions, examples, worksheets. Production of hdpe by coordination polymerization requires. See current entries and add your own how and why to enter grow your grades. Organic chemistry is the study of compounds based on hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Addition polymerisation involves addition reactions in which a large number of small molecules monomers join together to form very large molecules polymers. This process is called polymerisation when alkenes join together to form a polymer with no other substance being produced in the reaction, the process is called addition polymerisation. Your students can be examready with this fantastic resource. Organic chemistry from the combined science aqa gcse chemistry specification. Addition polymers triple condensation polymers triple amino acids triple dna triple. These free electrons allow metal ions to slide across each. Polymers are long chain molecules that occur naturally in living things and can also be made by chemical processes in industry. Organic chemistry hydrocarbons and crude oil alkanes fractional distillation properties of hydrocarbons cracking alkenes reaction of alkenes alcohols carboxylic acid addition polymerization condensation polymerization amino acids dna. Hydrocarbons can be broken down cracked to produce smaller.

Polymers are large molecules made up of lots of repeating units called monomers. Polymers are macromolecules due to their very large sizes and high molecular masses. You also know from part 6 that a carboxylic acid and an amine can form an amide linkage, jand a carboxylic acid and an. The entire triple science course is covered in these slideshows. Gcse chemistry revision science section covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single and double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. More lessons for igcse chemistry math worksheets a series of free igcse chemistry lessons cambridge igcse chemistry. Cracking molecules and plastics chemistry gcse ask. Gcse chemistry revision science section looking at plastics, polymers, polymerisation and alkenes skip to main content. Condensation polymerization materials world modules. The human biology igcse course is designed to develop a positive attitude to human biology in the twentyfirst century. There are two types of polymerization, addition polymerization, and condensation polymerization.

Cracking edexcel igcse chemistry notes save my exams. Online gcses and igcses, english, mathematics, biology. They are made of small building blocks called monomers. Best igcse organic chemistry notes complete breakdown. Why ionic compound does has high melting and boiling point. Carbohydrates are important sources of energy for many living organisms and their formation in plants via. We also look at alkenes and how we test for alkenes using bromine water. Natural polymer molecules carbohydrates sugars starch glucose. Gcse biology edexcel topic 1 key concepts in biology ebook doctor me clever get your free gcse biology revision notes on subcellular structures.

Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. Cracking meaning types of cracking organic chemistry. Its written by teachers especially to help year 10 and year 11 students revise. It attempts to look at the way biology affects your everyday life and how you can evaluate the scientific material that you come across in newspapers, magazines and on the television. Get your free gcse biology revision notes on microscopy these colourful sketchnotes are a sample of doctor me clevers guide to edexcel 91 gcse biology topic 1 key concepts in biology.

They are studied entirely online and can be started at any time during the year and generally take 9 months to complete. Gcse chemistry definitions when learning definitions i find it easier to move around and say them to yourself. They are formed when many small molecules join together. Hydrocarbon are the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only. Chemsitry polymerisation flashcards in gcse chemistry.

Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. Cracking is the term when a long unuseful molecule like bitumen are broken down into short more useful molecules like petrol. Doc browns gcse, igcse, o level and ks4 sciencechemistry revision notes on oil, useful products, environmental problems, introduction to organic chemistry. The word polymer is derived from the latin words poly, meaning many, and mer meaning parts. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby. Petrochemicals and polymers, petroleum, alternative fuels and energy sources, addition polymerisation, condensation polymerisation. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. These colourful sketchnotes are a sample of doctor me clevers guide to edexcel get your free gcse biology revision notes on subcellular structures. One of the topics covered in gcse chemistry is polymerisation. Their general formula, physical and chemical properties. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus.

The starter is a dingbat that is shown whilst students listen to music to help them. In cracking you always make and alkene and an alkanethermal crackingthis is where we use heat to crack a molecule. Did you use a plastic bottle, a plastic bag, a blanket, a toy, a basketball, a toothbrush, a lunch box, a rope. Revise and summarise the key information for unit 7. What is a polymer polymers are very large molecules sometimes called macromolecules. The separate science or higher tier only content is also clearly labelled, meaning that the slideshows can easily be adapted for double science and lower ability groups as well. They have strong attractions towards each other and so they have a high melting and boiling point. This is because alkanes are saturated whereas alkenes are unsaturated which means that they can carry out addition reactions, required for polymerisation. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Polymers are long chained molecules formed by joining together many small reactive molecules called monomers mono and mer, meaning one part. Home about inspector calls gcseigcse search take a break motivation you are here. Alkenes are reactive and so are useful for making many other substances including polymers polymers have very large molecules. Metallic bonding is the sharing of delocalized electrons a metallic lattice the structure of metals.

Gcse 91 sciences syllabusspecification help links for biology chemistry. Polymerisation of amino acids revision science gcse. Water or other liquids may be added to dissipate the heat of reaction as the polymerization reaction is highly exothermic. Cracking and polymerization video teaching resources. Organic molecules can combine, swap atoms, break apart and even make more of themselves. Remember, dont rely on remembering them in the order they appear below as this will not be like an exam. Polymerization definition is a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units. The ethene ethylene monomer is fed with a paraffin or cycloparaffin diluent diluting agent. In industry they use silica silicon oxide or alumina aluminium oxide. Home gcse study tools chemistry c1 alkenes, cracking and polymers. Part 1 is where students make ethene then link to make polythene using molymods. I worked at the natural history museum on insect taxonomy and the commonwealth institute for biological control where i studied the control of insect and plant pests using natural enemies.